The oil and fat products used for edible purposes can be divided into two distinct classes. Organic chemistry university of california riverside. In human bodies they are stored as fat cells and in animal bodies as starch. Lipids, as a class of compounds, are insoluble in water but are soluble in other organic solvents. Aug 12, 2019 fats and oils are composed of molecules known as triglycerides, which are esters composed of three fatty acid units linked to glycerol. Lipids are a group of compounds which are differentiated by their feature of solubility in nonpolar solvents and insolubility in water. Fats and oils are totally different from each other. In chemistry and biology, fats are a type of lipid consisting of triesters of glycerol and fatty acids or triglycerides. International union of pure and applied chemistry, blackwell, oxford. Fats have glycerol in addition to three fatty acids. All the commerciallyyp important fats and oils of animal and plant origin consist exclusively of the simple lipid class triacylglycerols esters of fatty acid with theesters of fatty acid with the trihydric alcohol glycerolalcohol glycerol.
Oils and fats important for storing chemical energy in living things. Are surfacere surfaceactive agent and help in emulsification of fats. The research handbook provides uptodate market size data for period 20112015 and illustrative forecast to 2020 covering key market aspects like sales value and volume for oils and its variants. Difference between fats and oils with detailed comparison. Examples of such solvents include acetone and ether. Fats and oils structure triglyceride3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone various fatty acids within the tg slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Jan, 2009 fats and oils structure triglyceride3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone various fatty acids within the tg slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. They are consumed in butter, shortening, margarine, salad oils, and cooking oils, as well as in animal feeds, fatty acids, soaps, personal care products, biodiesel, paints made from alkyd resins, lubricants, and greases. The main difference between fats and oils is that, fats are usually derived from animals, whereas oils are usually derived from plants. Oils and fats from the fats and oils obtained from natural resources, the majority of them are used directly or just after re. Difference between fats and oils definition, saturation. To know differences between other topics in chemistry you can register to byjus or download our app for simple and interesting content. For an understanding of the place of fats and oils in the diet and in the arts, some elementary knowledge of their chemical and physical properties is essential. Functions, classification and characteristics of fats. Oils oils and fats market in china oils oils and fats market in china outlook to 2020. Fats and oils are put to a number of industrial uses.
Chemistry of food fats dietary fat and human health. The rigid fat can collect in clumps in the bloodstream. Analysis of used frying oils and fats by highperformance. They store energy and protect and insulate internal organs. Aug 04, 2018 physical properties of fats and oil 1. Show full abstract oils and fats were the main source of total fat intake. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A monounsaturated fat is a carbon chain with only one double bonded carbon, like olive. Fats and oils are used throughout the world for both food applications and industrial uses. Structurally they are esters of glycerol with three fatty acids called either triacylglycerols or triglycerides. Chemically, they can be divided into four main types saturated, cismonounsaturated, cispolyunsaturated and trans fatty acids. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, etc.
Fats and oils are soluble in organic solvents such as hexane, petroleum ether, alcohol, and chloroform. Fats and oils are two types of essential macronutrients made up of chains of fatty acids. International union of pure and applied chemistry applied chemistry division commission on oils, fats and derivatives standard methods for the analysis of oils, fats and derivatives 1st supplement to the 7th revised and enlarged edition prepared for publication by a. It is intended for use by consumers, nutritionists, dieticians, physicians, food technologists, food industry representatives, students, teachers, and others having an interest in dietary fats and oils. This website covers materials for vce chemistry units 14 for the new study design. Difference between fat and cholesterol these were some of the important differences between oils and fats. Structure of the moleculesdifferences between oils and fatsfats are solids at room temperature while oils are liquids at room temperature. The following table presents smoke points of various fats and oils. Dr james chemistry spm form 5 chapter 2 carbon compounds. Fats are mainly animalderived and are composed of saturated fats. Fats and oils are very important for every human body. Use and alter these presentations freely or any power point template used in this presentations site for other tea. Jun 18, 2008 animal fats butter, lard, tallow, chicken fat, and fish oils cocoa butter and cocoa butter alternatives.
Fats and oils are used in our diets to provide us with energy. Oct 25, 2017 a read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Purchase the chemistry and technology of edible oils and fats and their high fat products 1st edition. Table \\pageindex1\ shows the fatty acid compositions of some common fats and oils. An emulsion can be defined as a mixture of oily and watery liquids.
Over 90% of dietary fats are in the form of triglycerides, which consist of a glycerol backbone with fatty acids esterified on each of the three hydroxyl groups of the glycerol molecule. The enol can react with electrophile to afford substitution products 24. The main difference between fats and oils is for oils being liquid at room temperature, whereas, fats are solids. Ppt fats powerpoint presentation free to download id. Chemistry of fats oils and waxes free download as powerpoint presentation. Fat and oil processing, method by which animal and plant substances are prepared for eating by humans. Waxes, steroids, phospholipids, and fats are the most common types of lipid groups.
Free chemistry powerpoint presentations great for ks1 ks2 ks3 ks4 and post 16 a level lessonplans, k12 and more. Fats are solid at room temperature and contain saturated long chain fatty acids 6. Food producers often use hydrogenated fats to give products a longer shelf life and extra flavor. View food chemistry ppts online, safely and virusfree. The first is when water gets dispersed into fatoil such as. Triglycerides non glycerol deriavatives phospholipids sterols pigments hydrocarbons antioxidants etc. If all three oh groups on the glycerol molecule are esterified with the same fatty acid, the resulting ester is called a simple triglyceride. Fat and oil processing, method by which animal and plant substances are prepared for eating by humans the oil and fat products used for edible purposes can be divided into two distinct classes. Smoke point decreases at different pace in different oils. To make an emulsion you need an emulsifier and force such as whisking and beating to break the oil droplets apart so they mix with the watery liquid. Therefore, we commonly speak of animal fats and vegetable oils.
Fats and oils oils and fats belong to a group of organic compounds known as lipids. This chapter lists some typical modifications of fats and oils by chemical means. Therefore, partial hydrogenated vegetable oils contain trans fats, which are considered to be damaging to your health. The physical nature of the fatty material is unimportant. Understanding the basic chemistry of fats will help to understand the role that fats play in our health and in food technology. Fats and oils are called triglycerides or triacylcylgerols because they are esters composed of three fatty acid units joined to glycerol, a trihydroxy alcohol. The shorter is the chain length of fatty acids the higher is the saponification number. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Highperformance sizeexclusion chromatography for lipid analysis in organic media. The chemistry and technology of edible oils and fats and. Fats and oils 9599% 14% glycerol deriavatives glycerol free fatty acids etc. Oils and fats form an important part of a healthy diet. Food chemistry powerpoint ppt presentations powershow.
Website contains a summary of material, relevant videos and links to quizzes and useful websites. Oils are liquids at 20c, they contain higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids 5. Classification and nomenclature both fats and oils are classified according to the number of carbon atoms they contain and the nature of the chemical bonds formed by carbon atoms in. Triesters of long chain of fatty acids with glycerol. Oils have higher percentages of unsaturated fatty acid acyl groups, and lower percentages of saturated fatty acid acyl groups, than. Pdf from organic chemistry to fat and oil chemistry. Considerably above the temperature of the smoke point is the flash point, the point at which the vapours from the oil can ignite in air, given an ignition source. Oils are mainly plantderived and are composed of unsaturated fats. All the commerciallyyp important fats and oils of animal and plant origin consist exclusively of the simple lipid class. From organic chemistry to fat and oil chemistry ocl oilseeds and. Specifically, it is the hydrolysis or autoxidation of fats into shortchain aldehydes and ketones, which are objectionable in taste and odor.
Fats and oils have unique properties and play a major role in human nutrition. Fats, oils, and other lipids lipids category of compounds that includes triglycerides sterols phospholipids contain carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. It is these fatty acids that give the functionality to fats. Standard methods for the analysis of oils, fats and derivatives, 7th ed. They are made in a condensation reaction when 3 fatty acid groups join with 1 molecule of glycerol. The structure of the fatty acids determines whether or. Oxidative rancidity is observed more frequently in animal fats than vegetable fats. This is intended to be used alongside the textbooks. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Oils and fats belong to a group of organic compounds known as lipids. Fats and oils esters, fats and oils higher chemistry. Because they are organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms, they are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water.
The main difference between fats and oils is the degree of saturation. Ppt fats and oils powerpoint presentation free to view. Table 11 common fatty acids types of triesters triesters triglycerides 3 carboxylic acids react with. The hydrolysis of fats and oils in the presence of a base is used to make soap and is called saponification the hydrolysis of fats and oils in the presence of a base to make soap today most soaps are prepared through the hydrolysis of triglycerides often from tallow, coconut oil, or both using water under high pressure and temperature 700. Oils contain more monounsaturated mufa and polyunsaturated pufa fats. When the double bond is reformed, it is more likely to form the more stable trans form than the less stable cis form. Fat and oil food accessscience from mcgrawhill education. Triesters of long chain of unsaturated fatty acids with glycerol. Chemistry powerpoint presentations free to download. Indias largest k12 learning app with ttopnotchteachers from across the nation with excellent teaching skills.
Standard methods for the analysis of oils, fats and. For this purpose it is essential to characterise and test the quality of a given fat and oil. Introduction of fats, reaction of fatty acids, reaction of fats or oil hydrolysis, hydrogenation, halogenation, saponification, drying of oil. No single formula can be written to represent the naturally occurring fats and oils because they are highly complex mixtures of triglycerides in which many different fatty acids are represented. Resources resources home early years prek and kindergarten primary elementary middle school secondary high school whole school special educational needs. Lipids are a distinct group of compounds, including oils, waxes, steroids, fats and similar compounds that are very much connected by their physical property rather than their chemical property. In food science, a fat is one of the three macronutrients, with the others being.
Chemistry of lipids lipids are naturally occurring compounds, relatively insoluble in. Trans fats can increase your risk of coronary heart disease. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Fats and oils are composed of molecules known as triglycerides, which are esters composed of three fatty acid units linked to glycerol. The major sources of oils and fats oils and fats in the. Most fats and oils used for human consumption are plantderived.
They play an important role in the transport of vitamins which are soluble in fats around the human body. This involves the determination of physical constants, such as melting point, boiling point, refractive index, and chemical constants such as acid value. Major fats and oils industry overview chemical economics. Standard methods for the analysis of oils, fats and derivatives sixth edition, part 1 sections i and ii describes the methods of analysis, which have been adopted and edited by the commission on oils, fats and derivatives. Although natural fats consist primarily of glycerides, they contain many other lipids in minor quantities. Uses of fats and oils fats and oils fats and oils have the same basic structure. This is mainly due to presence of larger percentage of unsaturated fatty acids in oils than fats that has mostly saturated fatty acids. An increase in the percentage of shorterchain fatty acids and or unsaturated fatty acids lowers the melting point of a fat or oil. Corn oil, for example, may contain glycerides plus phospholipids, glycolipids, phosphoinositides phospholipids containing inositol, many isomers of sitosterol and stigmasterol plant steroids, several tocopherols vitamin e, vitamin a, waxes. Statewide instructional resources development center subject.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Definition of fats, oil, fatty acid, reactions of fatty acid, reactions of fats, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, acetyl value and rm value, i. Saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol tend to raise bad ldl cholesterol levels in the blood, which in turn increases the risk for heart disease. Rancidification is the process of complete or incomplete oxidation or hydrolysis of fats and oils when exposed to air, light, or moisture or by bacterial action, resulting in unpleasant taste and odor. Food fats and oils institute of shortening and edible oils 19 f street nw, suite 600 washington, dc 20004 phone 2027837960 fax 20239367. Triesters of long chain of saturated fatty acids with glycerol. Glycerol with one molecule of fatty acid is calledone molecule of fatty acid is called monoacylglycerol. Fats, oils, and waxes centeno, kathryn decembrano, katrin mae ramiscal, michael gabriel lipids lipids are a class of biological molecules defined by low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents role of lipids 1.
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